Common Back Injuries Physiotherapists Can Help Treat

Back pain is one of the most widespread health problems across Australia and the world. Whether it’s a sudden injury from lifting something heavy, a traumatic injury such as a car accident, or the result of years of poor posture at work, back injuries affect people from all walks of life. Statistics show that up to 80% of adults will experience back pain at some point.

For many, this pain doesn’t just stay local—it impacts sleep, work, family life, and even overall wellbeing. The good news? Physiotherapy treatment is an effective treatment option that can help manage symptoms, restore movement, and support long-term recovery.

In this article, we’ll explore the common back injuries physiotherapists can help treat, explain how physiotherapy provides pain relief, and share tips on prevention so you can stay active and healthy.

Why Back Injuries Are So Common

Back injuries can happen to anyone, but certain factors increase risk:

• Sedentary work leading to weak muscles and stiffness.
• Sports injuries from overuse, sudden impact, or a sudden twist.
• Manual labour and heavy lifting that strain spinal vertebrae and ligaments.
• Age-related wear and tear on the intervertebral discs.
• Poor posture while sitting, standing, or moving.

Because the spine is central to almost every movement, even small injuries can interfere with daily activities and quality of life.

Common Back Injuries Physiotherapists Treat

Muscle Strains and Sprains

One of the most frequent types of back injuries, these occur when muscles or ligaments are overstretched or torn.

Symptoms include: pain, stiffness, muscle spasms, and reduced mobility.

How physiotherapy helps:

• Manual therapy to ease tightness.
• Gentle stretches and back rehabilitation exercises.
• Gradual rebuilding of muscle strength to restore function and prevent recurrence.

Herniated or Slipped Disc

A herniated disc happens when the soft centre of an intervertebral disc pushes through its outer layer, pressing on nearby nerves.

Symptoms include: severe pain, tingling, weakness, or referred pain down the arms or legs.

Physiotherapy role:

• Pain management through safe movement and heat packs.
• Restoring flexibility with controlled exercises.
• Supporting the spinal cord by improving posture and core control.

Sciatica

Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed or irritated, often by a slipped disc or spinal stenosis.

Symptoms include: burning or shooting pain down one leg, numbness, or weakness.

Physiotherapy treatment:

• Postural training to reduce pressure on the nerves.
• Nerve mobilisation and stretching.
• Strengthening to improve resilience and provide long-term pain relief.

Degenerative Disc Disease

Over time, intervertebral discs lose hydration and elasticity, which can lead to chronic low back pain.

Symptoms include: ongoing discomfort, stiffness, and reduced flexibility.

Management with physiotherapy:

• Building core strength to support the spine.
• Teaching healthy lifestyle adjustments to keep moving safely.
• Using manual therapy for stiffness and pain caused by degeneration.

Spinal Stenosis

This condition develops when spaces within the spinal vertebrae narrow, placing pressure on the spinal nerves.

Symptoms include: cramping, numbness, and difficulty walking or standing for long periods.

How physiotherapists help:

• Targeted exercises to improve endurance.
• Mobility support for the acute phase of pain.
• Education on safe movement and activity pacing.

Scoliosis and Postural Issues

Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine, while postural issues stem from poor posture over time.

Symptoms include: uneven shoulders, hip imbalance, and long-term strain.

Physiotherapy role:

• Corrective exercises and stretching.
• Ongoing management to prevent recurrence of discomfort.
• Education in ergonomic habits for general health.

How Physiotherapists Diagnose and Treat Back Injuries

Every back injury is different. That’s why physiotherapists begin with a detailed assessment to find the root cause.

Initial Assessment

This may involve:

• Physical examination.
• Checking movement, posture, and muscles.
• Sometimes referring for x rays or other tests if needed.

Tailored Treatment Plans

• Manual therapy to reduce pain and stiffness.
• Physiotherapy treatment programs with exercises for strength and mobility.
• Education on ergonomics and lifestyle changes.

Use of Modern Techniques

Some clinics also offer:

• Dry needling.
• Ultrasound therapy.
• Functional taping.

These approaches enhance healing and support recovery in the acute phase.

Preventing Future Back Injuries

Prevention is always better than cure. Physiotherapists guide patients to:

• Use ergonomic chairs and workstation setups.
• Practise postural training and movement awareness.
• Strengthen the core to support the spine.
• Stay active with a healthy lifestyle including regular movement.
• Avoid prolonged bed rest, which can make most back pain worse.

Regular physiotherapy check-ups help maintain mobility, monitor progress, and prevent recurrence.

When to See a Physiotherapist

Not every ache or twinge in your back needs urgent attention. In many cases, minor discomfort may settle with rest, gentle stretching, or simple lifestyle changes. However, there are important warning signs that should never be ignored. Recognising when to seek professional help can make a big difference to your recovery and long-term health.

• Severe pain that doesn’t improve within a few weeks: If your back pain persists despite self-care measures, or if it worsens over time, it’s a sign you may need a physiotherapist’s assessment. Ongoing pain could indicate a deeper issue such as a disc problem, joint restriction, or muscular imbalance.
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs: These symptoms often point to nerve irritation or compression, such as in cases of sciatica or a herniated disc. A physiotherapist can identify the underlying cause and provide targeted treatment to relieve pressure and restore normal nerve function.
• Pain following a trauma or sudden injury: If your back pain began after a fall, car accident, sports incident, or even a sudden twist while lifting, it’s important to seek professional advice promptly. Early intervention helps rule out serious damage to the spinal structures and prevents complications.
• Difficulty performing normal daily activities: When simple movements like bending, walking, or sitting for long periods become challenging, it’s time to consult a physiotherapist. Ignoring these limitations may lead to compensations in other areas of the body, worsening the problem.

Early intervention not only reduces immediate discomfort but also lowers the risk of developing chronic back pain. With timely care, physiotherapists can help restore mobility, strengthen your back, and give you strategies to protect your spine in the future. Remember, with the right support, most cases of low back pain improve significantly.

Take the Next Step Toward Pain Relief

Living with a back injury can be frustrating, but you don’t have to face it alone. Physiotherapists are trained to provide safe, effective, and personalised care for all the common back injuries physiotherapists can help treat.

By addressing not only the pain but also the underlying causes, physiotherapy helps restore function, improve mobility, and protect your spine for the long term.

If you’re experiencing back pain, book an appointment today with our team at Incline Health for a thorough assessment and a tailored plan for recovery.